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Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization that provides a set of licenses and tools designed to enable creators to share their work with the public under certain conditions. These licenses allow creators to retain copyright while allowing others to use their work in various ways, as long as specific terms and conditions are met. The Creative Commons licenses were created to promote a more flexible and accessible approach to copyright, facilitating the sharing and use of creative content in a digital and interconnected world. The core idea behind Creative Commons is to offer a standardized way for creators to grant permissions to others regarding the use of their intellectual property, such as photos, videos, music, writing, and other creative works. The licenses come in several variants, each with its own set of permissions and restrictions. The most common Creative Commons licenses are: 

Attribution (CC BY): 
This license allows others to use, distribute, modify, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they give appropriate credit to the original creator. 

Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA): 
Similar to CC BY, but any derivative works must be shared under the same license terms. This ensures that new creations based on the original work are also freely available to others. 

Attribution-NoDerivatives (CC BY-ND): 
This license permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, but it doesn't allow others to modify the work or create derivative works. They must use the work as it is and credit the creator. 

Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC): 
This license allows others to use, distribute, and modify the work, but only for non-commercial purposes. They must give appropriate credit to the creator. 

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA): 
Similar to CC BY-NC, but any derivative works must be shared under the same license terms. 
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND): The most restrictive license, allowing others to download the work and share it with others as long as they credit the creator. However, they can't change the work in any way or use it commercially. By offering these licenses, Creative Commons aims to strike a balance between copyright protection and fostering creativity and collaboration within the digital landscape. Creators can choose the license that best aligns with their intentions for sharing their work with the world while retaining some level of control over how it is used. It has become an essential tool for content creators, educators, and those who believe in open access and the sharing of knowledge and culture on the internet.


What is SCOAP?  
Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics. is an international collaboration in the high-energy physics community to convert traditional closed access physics journals to open access, freely available for everyone to read and reuse, shifting away the burden of the publishing cost from readers (traditional model) and authors (in the case of hybrid open access journals). Under the terms of the agreement, authors retain copyrights and the articles published under SCOAP3 will be in perpetuity under a CC-BY license.

What is DigiQUAL
is a measure of digital library service quality, developed under the auspices of the Association of Research Libraries with funding from the National Science Foundation.

SciVal is an online tool that offers quick, easy access to the research performance of 18,900 research institutions and 231 nations worldwide using bibliometrics. It enables you to visualize research performance, benchmark relative to peers, develop collaborative partnerships and analyse research trends. The data source for SciVal metrics is the Scopus database.

Knovel provides faster access to answers, better data discovery and a more tailored experience to help solve engineering problems. Its a Elsevior product.        
              

 What is COPE?

The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to define best practice in the ethics of scholarly publishing and to assist editors, publishers, etc. COPE was established in 1997.

The Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) is a non-profit trade association representing the interests of open access journal publishers globally in all scientific, technical and scholarly disciplines. Along with promoting open access publishers (particularly open access journals), OASPA sets best practices and provides a forum for the exchange of information on and experiences of open access. 



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